Capacitive touch sensor and method

ABSTRACT

A capacitive touch sensor is disclosed for use with input signal. The capacitive touch sensor includes a number n of input/output lines. Each of the number n of input/output lines is electrically disconnected from every other of the number n of input/output lines. Each of the number n of input/output lines is arranged to cross every other of the number n of input/output lines. Each of a number β of positions, includes one of the number n of input/output lines crossing another of the number n of input/output lines.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/480,444, filed on Sep. 8, 2014, which claims priority to PCTApplication No. PCT/CN2014/076848, filed on May 6, 2014. Theaforementioned documents are incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

Capacitive touch sensing is widely used as the human interface for aplurality of electronic devices. Capacitive touch sensing is used in avariety of ways including proximity sensors, measuring position ordisplacement, humidity sensors, and computer track pads. Many of thedevices that use capacitive sensing are mobile devices that have alimited amount of space for physical hardware.

Because there is a limited amount of space on mobile electronic devices,it is important to minimize the amount of space each component occupies.Conventional capacitive touch sensors require an input/output pin foreach pin or pin of buttons used in a touch sensor. For larger or complexdevices that require many buttons for controlling a device, the numberof pins and consequently the area of the board that the pins are locatedon, increases very quickly.

FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art touch sensor 100.

Touch sensor 100 includes an input/output pin 102, a pin 104, a pin 106,a pin 108, a pin 110, a button 112, a button 114, a button 116, a button118, a button 120, a button 122 and a controller 124.

Pin 102, pin 104, pin 106, pin 108, and pin 110 are operable to be setto either transmit mode or receive mode by controller 124.

Button 112 is arranged at the intersection of pin 102 and pin 108.Button 114 is arranged at the intersection of pin 104 and pin 108.Button 116 is arranged at the intersection of pin 106 and pin 108.Button 118 is arranged at the intersection of pin 102 and pin 110.Button 120 is arranged at the intersection of pin 104 and pin 110.Button 122 is arranged at the intersection of pin 106 and pin 110.

Each of button 112, button 114, button 116, button 118, button 120, andbutton 122 are operable to change capacitance when touched by a user.

In operation, controller 124 will set pin 102, pin 104, and pin 106 totransmit mode and each of pin 108 and pin 110 to receive mode. Oncecontroller 124 has set each pin to the correct mode, it will transmit asignal via pin 102, pin 104, and pin 106. In this example, a signal is avoltage that is transmitted for a pre-determined amount of time. Withthe voltage and duration of the amount of time known, it can bedetermined if the signal has been modified when received.

The signals are transmitted between the vertically arranged pins and thehorizontally arranged pins by one of button 112, button 114, button 116,button 118, button 120, and button 122. Each button is composed of twoseparate conductors that are different voltages. One of the conductorsis at the voltage of the signal transmitted by controller 124 while theother is at ground; this difference in voltage creates a capacitancebetween the two conductors. The signal is transferred from the conductorwith the higher voltage to the conductor with the lower voltage, whereit then travels to a pin set to receive mode, which completes thecircuit. In this manner the signal transmitted through pin 102, pin 104,and pin 106 can be received by pin 108 and pin 110.

When a user touches one of button 112, button 114, button 116, button118, button 120, or button 122, the electric field of the two conductorsis modified, this modification changes the capacitance between them.Once the capacitance has been modified the signal transmitted betweenthe two conductors inside of each of button 112, button 114, button 116,button 118, button 120, and button 122 is modified as well.

Controller 124 will then wait for the signals to be received by pin 108and pin 110. After pin 108 and pin 110 receive the signals transmittedby each of pin 102, pin 104, and pin 106, they send the signals to backto controller 124. After receiving the signals, controller 124 willanalyze each of the signals to determine if a touch has been made by auser. Since a user has not touched any of button 112, button 114, button116, button 118, button 120, or button 122 the signals received areunmodified and controller 124 determines that at touch has not beenmade. Controller 124 continues to transmit signals via pin 102, pin 104,and pin 106 and analyzing the signals received by pin 108 and pin 110 todetermine if a touch has been made.

At some time later, a user will touch button 118 and controller 124 willtransmit a signal via pin 102, pin 104, and pin 106. The signalsreceived by pin 108 and pin 110 are then analyzed by controller 124.Controller 124 finds that one of the signals received has been modifiedby a touch input. Controller 124 then determines to which of button 112,button 114, button 116, button 118, button 120, or button 122 themodified signal corresponds. After, controller 124 will continuetransmitting and analyzing signals as described above until anothertouch input has been detected.

FIG. 2 illustrates a prior art button arrangement 200.

As illustrated in the figure, button arrangement 200 includes a pin 202,a pin 204, a pin 206, a pin 208, a pin 210, a pin 212, a pin 214, and apin 216.

Pin 202, pin 204, pin 206, and pin 208 are arranged such that theirlines each cross the lines of pin 210, pin 212, pin 214, and pin 216 inbutton arrangement 200. Pin 210, pin 212, pin 214, and pin 216 arearranged such that each of their lines cross the lines of pin 202, pin204, pin 206, and pin 208. A button is disposed at the intersection ofany two lines in button arrangement 200.

In operation, an electronic device manufacturer will want to produce acapacitive touch sensor with a certain number of buttons. In thisexample, a manufacturer wants to create a button arrangement such thatthe total number of buttons is eight (8). In order to create a total ofeight buttons, the total number of buttons must be a multiple of thenumber of pins in a column and the number of pins in a row.

Creating an arrangement with 8 buttons requires either 2 column pins and4 row pins or 4 column pins and 2 row pins. In this non-limiting examplethe arrangement will be created using 4 row pins. Using pin 202, pin204, pin 206, and pin 208 and any two of pin 210, pin 212, pin 214, orpin 216 creates a total of 8 buttons. Suppose pin 210 and pin 212 arechosen, the line of pin 210 intersects with the lines of each of pin202, pin 204, pin 206, and pin 208 to create 4 buttons and the line ofpin 212 also intersects with the lines of each of pin 202, pin 204, pin206, and pin 208 to create an additional 4 buttons.

In another example, a manufacturer may want to create a buttonarrangement that contains a total of sixteen (16) buttons. Sixteen is amultiple of several different combinations, namely 1×16, 2×8, and 4×4.Since space and resources need to be conserved the row pins and columnpins are chosen such that the total number of pins is minimized, in thisexample a 4×4 arrangement only uses eight pins.

The lines of each of pin 210, pin 212, pin 214, and pin 216 intersectwith the lines of each of pin 202, pin 204, pin 206, and pin 208. Eachline of pin 210, pin 212, pin 214, and pin 216 contains four (4) buttonseach, for a total of sixteen (16) buttons in the arrangement.

FIG. 3 illustrates a prior art small slider 300.

As illustrated in the figure, small slider 300 includes a button 302, abutton 304, a button 306, a pin 308, a pin 310, a pin 312, a pin 314, apin 316, a pin 318, and a controller 320.

Button 302 is disposed at the intersection of the lines of pin 308 andpin 314. Button 304 is disposed at the intersection of the lines of pin310 and pin 316. Button 306 is disposed at the intersection of the linesof pin 312 and pin 318.

Controller 320 is arranged such that it is operable to set each of pin308, pin 310, pin 312, pin 314, pin 316, and pin 318 to either transmitmode or receive mode.

In today's electronic devices, it may be more practical to use a sliderrather than a button. Sliders allow more precise control than on or offas a button does. Non-limiting examples of a slider use includes volumecontrol, scroll bars, or zooming in or out. Creating a slider interfaceis more complex than a simple button due to the need for locating andtracking of the input from a user.

The operation of slider 300 is similar to that of touch sensor system100. Controller 320 will set pin 308 to transmit mode and each of pin310, pin 312, pin 314, pin 316, and pin 318 to received mode. Once thepins have been set to the correct mode, controller 320 will transmit asignal, via pin 308, and then analyze the signal received by each of pin310, pin 312, pin 314, pin 316, and pin 318. Once the signals have beenanalyzed, controller 320 will continue setting a new pin to transmitmode and all other pins to receive mode in order to detect a touch asdescribed above in FIG. 1.

At some later time a user will place their finger over button 302 inorder to scroll the touch screen to the right and pin 308 has been setto transmit mode, while all other pins are set to receive mode.Controller 320 will transmit a signal, via the line connected to pin 308and then analyze the signals received by each of pin 310, pin 312, pin314, pin 316, and pin 318.

Controller 320 determines that there has been a change in the signalreceived by pin 314. Since the signal was output via pin 308 and amodified signal was received via pin 314, controller 320 can determinethat a user has touched button 302.

Next a user will drag their finger to the point where they want to stopscrolling, which in this example, is between button 304 and button 306.Simultaneously, having analyzed all the signals received via pin 310,pin 312, pin 314, pin 316, and pin 318, controller 320 will set pin 310to transmit mode and all other pins to receive mode. After each pin hasbeen set to the correct mode, controller 320 will transmit a signal, viapin 310, and then analyze the signals received by each of pin 308, pin312, pin 314, pin 316, and pin 318.

Controller 320 determines that the signal received by pin 318 has beenmodified. Since the signal was output via pin 310 and a modified signalwas received via pin 318, controller 320 can determine that a user hastouched in between button 304 and button 306. At this point, controller320 can send instructions to scroll by an amount proportional to thedistance between button 302 and the midpoint between button 304 andbutton 306.

In some cases a small slider may not be sufficient and a large slidermust be implemented. A non-limiting example of such a case maybe, a fullscreen length scroll bar, a zoom function, or a fine tune controller.Suppose a full screen length scroll bar is needed, and that a total of16 buttons needs to be used to create a scroll bar that spans the lengthof the screen.

Using the prior art method described above in FIG. 3, to create a scrollbar with 16 buttons would require 32 pins. With limited space and powerresources, a total of 32 pins is too many to be used in a capacitivetouch sensing system. Hence, an alternative method of creating a slidermust be used. A method of creating a large slider will now be describedwith reference to FIG. 4.

FIG. 4 illustrates a prior art large slider 400.

As illustrated in the figure, large slider 400 includes a button 402, abutton 404, a button 406, a button 408, a button 410, a button 412, abutton 414, a button 416, a controller 418, a signal strength indicatedby arrow 420, and a signal strength indicated by arrow 422.

Button 402, button 404, button 406, button 408, button 410, button 412,button 414, and button 416 are arranged such that they are eachconnected to two separate pins. Button 402, button 404, button 406,button 408, button 410, button 412, button 414, and button 416 areadditionally arranged such that the buttons on either side havedifferent pins.

Controller 418 is operable to receive signals from the pins of button402, button 404, button 406, button 408, button 410, button 412, button414, and button 416.

The operation of larger slider 400 is similar to that of small slider300. Controller 418 will transmit a signal through one of the pinsconnected to button 402. The signal received by each pin of button 404,button 406, button 408, button 410, button 412, button 414, and button416 is then sent to controller 418. Controller 418 then analyzes eachsignal to detect if a touch has been made.

At some later time a user will want to adjust the volume of a device andwill touch a button, in this example the user touches button 408, whichcreates a signal strength shown by arrow 420. Simultaneously, controller418 transmits a signal, via a pin of button 402, and the signalsreceived by each pin of button 404, button 406, button 408, button 410,button 412, button 414, and button 416 are then analyzed by controller418.

Controller 418 determines that multiple signals received have beenmodified by a user touch input. Since each of button 402, button 404,button 406, button 408, button 410, button 412, button 414, and button416 are used twice, and both have two corresponding pins, controller 418cannot determine which button the modified signal came from withoutpost-processing.

After receiving multiple modified signals, controller 418 analyzes thestrength and modification of each signal it received. Controller 418determines that the strongest signals received were from the pins ofbutton 408. Since button 408 is used twice in the slider, controller 418must determine which one the user touched.

Controller 418 will next determine from which buttons the next strongestsignals came from. Controller 418 determines that the next strongestsignals came from button 406, button 410, and button 412 as shown byarrow 420. Controller 418 next determines that the weakest signals camefrom the pins of button 402, button 404, button 414, and button 416 asshown by arrow 422.

After analyzing the signals, controller 418 analyzes the placement ofthe signal strengths. Controller 418 determines that the strongestsignal came from button 408, and the next strongest signals came frombutton 406, button 410, and button 412. From this information,controller 418 can determine that a user made a touch input at point 424and not point 426, because of the placement of the buttons relative toeach other.

If the user had made a touch input at point 426, the strongest signalwould still come from the pins of button 408 but the next strongestsignals would have come from the pins of button 414 and button 404.Since the location of button 404 and button 414 are far enough away frombutton 408 at point 424, their signals were weak which allowedcontroller 418 to rule out a touch input at point 426.

The problem with the conventional system and method of capacitive touchsensing is that for each additional button, a new pin(s) is needed. Inorder to create a large array of buttons, a large number of pins isneeded to support the array. The increase in the number of pins neededuses limited space and resources of the capacitive touch sensing device.

Another problem with the conventional system and method of capacitivetouch sensing is that creating a small slider requires two pins perbutton in the slider. Due to the limited space and resources, using thismethod it is only possible to create small sliders. It is possible todouble the number of buttons used in a slider with a set number of pins,but the slider then requires post processing or additional software inorder to detect user inputs.

What is needed is a system and method of increasing the number ofbuttons that each pin can support in a button array and slider.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part ofthe specification, illustrate example embodiments of the presentinvention and, together with the description, serve to explain theprinciples of the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 illustrates prior art touch sensor system 100;

FIG. 2 illustrates a prior art button arrangement 200;

FIG. 3 illustrates a prior art small slider 300;

FIG. 4 illustrates a prior art small slider 400;

FIG. 5 illustrates a high level operation of touch sensor 500, inaccordance with aspects of the present invention;

FIGS. 6A-6D illustrate button arrangement 600, in accordance withaspects of the present invention;

FIG. 7 illustrates the operation 700 of touch button 518, in accordancewith aspects of the present invention;

FIG. 8 illustrates the creation of a button arrangement 800, inaccordance with aspects of the present invention;

FIG. 9 illustrates a slider 900, in accordance with aspects of thepresent invention;

FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart 1000, in accordance with aspects of thepresent invention;

FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart 1100, in accordance with aspects of thepresent invention; and

FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart 1200, in accordance with aspects of thepresent invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention provides a system and method for increasing thenumber of supported buttons for each pin in a capacitive touch sensingsystem. It is possible to create a larger array of buttons for a givennumber of input/output lines in accordance with an arrangement of theinput/output lines in a capacitive touch sensing system.

In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, the capacitivetouch sensor uses a different button arrangement. Aspects of the presentinvention include a button arrangement by traversing the signal pathfrom each pin across one another other. The number of buttons that canbe supported by traversing the path from of each pin such that thenumber of button areas, β, follows the equation:

$\begin{matrix}{\beta = {\sum\limits_{1}^{n - 1}x}} & (1)\end{matrix}$

The variable β represents the total number of buttons that can besupported, whereas the variable n is the total number of pins used. Forexample, suppose a manufacturer wanted to create a capacitive touchsensor that can support six (6) buttons. In accordance with aspects ofthe present invention, with six buttons, β=6, and by using equation (1)it can be found that the total number of pins n needed is four (4). Incontrast, using the prior art method discussed above with reference toFIGS. 1-2, a capacitive touch sensor having six (6) buttons requires aminimum of five (5) pins. As illustrated in FIG. 1, two (2) pins areused to support each row and a pin is used to support each of the three(3) columns.

In another non-limiting example embodiment, suppose a manufacturerwanted to create a capacitive touch sensor that can support a 36-keykeyboard—26 buttons for each letter of the alphabet and 10 buttons foreach single digit number. In accordance with aspects of the presentinvention, and using equation (1), the total number of pins n needed toproduce β=36 buttons is nine (9). In contrast, using the prior artmethod discussed above with reference to FIGS. 1-2, a capacitive touchsensor having 36 buttons requires a minimum of twelve (12) pins.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the methodof detecting a touch input from a user is based on transmitting a signalthrough a single input/output line and detecting a modified signalreceived any other input/output lines. A touch input from a user willcreate a change in capacitance between the two input/output lines of abutton. The change in capacitance will modify the signal transmittedfrom one input/output line to the other, which can be analyzed anddetected by a controller in the capacitive touch sensing device.

In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, thecapacitive touch sensor system provided contains a method of faultdetection. The capacitive touch sensor system provided checks for faultsin the display. The faults are found by comparing detected parameterswith previously determined fault values.

All three of these inventive aspects will be further discussed withreference to FIGS. 5-12.

Example systems in accordance with the first aspect of the presentinvention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 5-8.

FIG. 5 illustrates the high level operation of a touch sensor 500 inaccordance with aspects of the present invention.

FIG. 5 includes a system configuration and management component 502, acapacitive touch sensing software library 504, an on-chip hardwarecomponent 512 and an off-chip hardware component 514.

In this example, system configuration and management component 502,capacitive touch sensing software library 504, on-chip hardwarecomponent 512, and off-chip hardware component 514 are illustrated asindividual devices. However, in some embodiments, at least two of systemconfiguration and management component 502, capacitive touch sensingsoftware library 504, on-chip hardware component 512, and off-chiphardware component 514 may be combined as a unitary device. Further, insome embodiments, at least one of system configuration and managementcomponent 502, capacitive touch sensing software library 504, on-chiphardware component 512, and off-chip hardware component 514 may beimplemented as a computer having tangible computer-readable media forcarrying or having computer-executable instructions or data structuresstored thereon. Such tangible computer-readable media can be anyavailable media that can be accessed by a general purpose or specialpurpose computer. Non-limiting examples of tangible computer-readablemedia include physical storage and/or memory media such as RAM, ROM,EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage orother magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used tocarry or store desired program code means in the form ofcomputer-executable instructions or data structures and which can beaccessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. Forinformation transferred or provided over a network or anothercommunications connection (either hardwired, wireless, or a combinationof hardwired or wireless) to a computer, the computer may properly viewthe connection as a computer-readable medium. Thus, any such connectionmay be properly termed a computer-readable medium. Combinations of theabove should also be included within the scope of computer-readablemedia.

Capacitive touch sensing software library 504 further includes acapacitive touch detection component 506, a touch determining component508, and a fault detection component 510.

In this example, capacitive touch detection component 506, touchdetermining component 508, fault detection component 510, on-chiphardware component 512 and an off-chip hardware component 514 areillustrated as individual devices. However, in some embodiments, atleast two of capacitive touch detection component 506, touch determiningcomponent 508, fault detection component 510, on-chip hardware component512 and an off-chip hardware component 514 may be combined as a unitarydevice. Further, in some embodiments, at least one of capacitive touchdetection component 506, touch determining component 508, faultdetection component 510, on-chip hardware component 512 and an off-chiphardware component 514 may be implemented as a computer having tangiblecomputer-readable media for carrying or having computer-executableinstructions or data structures stored thereon.

On-chip hardware component 512 further includes an internal oscillatorcomponent 516, a timer 518, a threshold tracking component 520, acontroller 522, and a shared global analog test engine 524.

In this example, internal oscillator component 516, timer 518, thresholdtracking component 520, controller 522, and shared global analog testengine 524 are illustrated as individual devices. However, in someembodiments, at least two of internal oscillator component 516, timer518, threshold tracking component 520, controller 522, and shared globalanalog test engine 524 may be combined as a unitary device. Further, insome embodiments, at least one of internal oscillator component 516,timer 518, threshold tracking component 520, controller 522, and sharedglobal analog test engine 524 may be implemented as a computer havingtangible computer-readable media for carrying or havingcomputer-executable instructions or data structures stored thereon.

System configuration and management component 502 is operable toconfigure and manage a device that contains a capacitive touch sensor.Non-limiting examples of such a device include a laptop operating systemor a controller of a flow rate sensor.

Capacitive touch sensing software library 504 is operable to detect anddetermine a touch input from a user. Capacitive touch sensing softwarelibrary 504 is additionally operable to determine a touch fault.

Capacitive touch detection component 506 is operable to detect acapacitance change. In an example embodiment, capacitive touch detectioncomponent 506 is operable to convert the change in capacitance of atouch sensor into a change in frequency or a change in time. Capacitivetouch detection component 506 is additionally operable to sendinformation about the change in frequency or change in time to touchdetermining component 508.

Touch determining component 508 is operable to determine whether thetouch sensor has actually been touched. In an example embodiment, touchdetermining component 508 is operable to actively scan each channel of atouch sensor in order to detect a user input via post processing of theinformation sent from capacitive touch detection component 506. Touchdetermining component 508 is additionally operable to determine the typeof touch input by a user using a stored database of components.

Touch fault detection component 510 is operable to determine whetherthere is a fault in the touch sensor. In an example embodiment, touchfault detection component 510 is operable to determine whether the touchsensor has a fault based on predetermined fault data.

On-chip hardware component 512 is operable to house all hardwarenecessary for controlling off-chip hardware 514. Non-limiting examplesof on-chip hardware include internal oscillator 516, timer 518,threshold tracking component 520, controller 522, and shared globalanalog test engine 524.

Off-chip hardware component 514 is operable to sense a user input bychanging capacitance. In this example embodiment, off-chip hardwarecomponent 514 is the touch screen interface of the capacitive touchsensing device.

Internal oscillator 516 is operable to provide a clock signal on-chiphardware component 512.

Timer 518 is operable to count and record the total number ofoscillations of internal oscillator 516. The count kept by timer 518,allows threshold tracking component 520 and shared global analog testengine 524 to determine if a user touch has been made or detect a faultby comparing the modifications of a signal based on time.

Threshold tracking component 520 is operable to set a parameterthreshold for off-chip hardware 504. Non-limiting examples of suchparameters include voltage, current, capacitance, inductance,resistance, impedance, change in voltage, change in current, change incapacitance, change in inductance, change in resistance, change inimpedance or combination thereof. Threshold tracking component 520 isadditionally operable to use a threshold to determine whether a touchinput has been made by a user.

Controller 522 is operable to set each pin of off-chip hardware 514 toeither transmit mode or receive mode.

Shared global analog test engine 524 is operable to run diagnostic testson on-chip hardware 512 components. Shared global analog test engine 524is additionally operable to detect on-chip hardware 512 and off-chiphardware 514 faults.

In operation, system configuration and management component 502 willinitialize the device that contains a capacitive touch sensor. After thedevice has been initialized, system configuration and managementcomponent 502 will turn on capacitive touch sensing software library504.

After capacitive touch sensing software library 504 has been turned on,it will run capacitive touch detection component 506. Simultaneously,internal oscillator 516 will be turned on by system configuration andmanagement component 502. One turned on, internal oscillator 516 willoscillate at a pre-determined frequency. Every cycle of internaloscillator 516 will be counted by timer 518. Since internal oscillator516 oscillates at a single pre-determined frequency, time can bemeasured by the cycle count of timer 518.

Threshold tracking component 520 will monitor off-chip hardware 514 fora user input via a change in capacitance. Changes in capacitance thatare above a pre-determined threshold, will be continuously monitored bycapacitive touch detection component 506. Additionally, touchdetermining component 508 will instruct controller 522 to change thesetting of the pins of off-chip hardware component 514 from transmitmode to receive mode.

Controller 522 will only turn one pin to transmit mode and all otherpins of off-chip hardware 514 to receive mode in order to conservepower. The operation of touch determining component 508 will be furtherdiscussed with additional reference to FIGS. 6, 10, and 11.

At some later time, threshold tracking component 520 will detect achange in capacitance in off-chip hardware 514 that is above thepre-determined threshold. The change in capacitance due to a touch inputby a user will be further described with reference to FIG. 7. Thresholdtracking component 520 will then alert capacitive touch detectioncomponent 506 that a change in capacitance has happened. Capacitivetouch detection component 506 will convert the capacitance of eachchannel from off-chip hardware 514 into a change in frequency of asignal or a change in time. In this example, the capacitance isconverted to a change in time using timer 518. Once the capacitance ofoff-chip hardware 514 has been converted, capacitive touch detectioncomponent 506 sends the information to touch determining component 508.

Touch determining component 508 will cross reference the informationreceived from capacitive touch detection component 506 with a databaseof components it has stored to determine the type of touch that wasinput by a user.

If touch detection component 508 determines that there has been a validinput from a user, it will forward the information to systemconfiguration and management component 502. If touch detection component508 determines that the touch input was invalid, it will assert a faultcode to touch fault detection component 510.

Touch fault detection component 510 will clear the fault code. After thefault code has been cleared, it will run a touch fault detectioncomponent, via shared global analog test engine 524, two separate timesin order to determine if there is a fault. If there is no fault, it willclear the fault code and instruct touch determining component 508 tocontinue running. If a fault is detected, touch fault detectioncomponent will transmit a fault code to system configuration andmanagement component 502. The operation of touch fault detectioncomponent 510 will be further discussed with reference to FIG. 12. Theoperation of touch determining component 508 will now be described withadditional reference to FIGS. 6A-6D.

FIG. 6A illustrates the operation of an example button arrangement 600of touch determining component 508 of FIG. 5 in accordance with aspectsof the present invention.

Button arrangement 600 includes controller 522, a pin 602, a pin 604, apin 606, a pin 608, a pin 610, a pin 612, a pin 614, a pin 616, and aplurality of buttons, a sample of which is indicated as button 620.

In accordance with aspects of the present invention, in a buttonarrangement, each signal path crosses, without electrically connecting,every other signal path. As such, each signal path is able to create acapacitance at a location where it crosses every other signal path. Inthis example embodiment, pin 602 is arranged such that its signal pathcrosses each of pin 604, pin 606, pin 608, pin 610, pin 612, pin 614,and pin 616. Pin 604 is arranged such that its signal path crosses eachof pin 602, pin 606, pin 608, pin 610, pin 612, pin 614, and pin 616.Pin 606 is arranged such that its signal path crosses each of pin 602,pin 604, pin 608, pin 610, pin 612, pin 614, and pin 616. Pin 608 isarranged such that its signal path crosses each of pin 602, pin 604, pin606, pin 610, pin 612, pin 614, and pin 616. Pin 610 is arranged suchthat its signal path crosses each of pin 602, pin 604, pin 606, pin 608,pin 612, pin 614, and pin 616. Pin 612 is arranged such that its signalpath crosses each of pin 602, pin 604, pin 606, pin 608, pin 610, pin614, and pin 616. Pin 614 is arranged such that its signal path crosseseach of pin 602, pin 604, pin 606, pin 608, pin 610, pin 612, and pin616. Pin 616 is arranged such that its signal path crosses each of pin602, pin 604, pin 606, pin 608, pin 610, pin 612, and pin 614.

Additionally, pin 602, pin 604, pin 606, pin 608, pin 610, pin 612, pin614, and pin 616 are operable to be set to either transmit mode orreceive mode by controller 522.

Additionally each of pin 602, pin 604, pin 606, pin 608, pin 610, pin612, pin 614, and pin 616 are able to transmit or receive a signal via aline. Each line carries a signal from the pin which it originates to thepin which it terminates.

A button is disposed at the positional intersection to two I/O lines.Button 618 is arranged at the intersection of the line of pin 602 andthe line of pin 604. Button 620 is arranged at the intersection of theline of pin 610 and the line of pin 612. Button 618 and button 620 aredisposed at the intersection of two lines, but the lines do notphysically intersect. An intersection of two lines refers to the pathsof two separate lines crossing. When a button disposed at theintersection of two lines is touched by a user, the electric fieldchanges between the two lines, which creates a change in capacitancethat can be detected. The change in capacitance of a button due to auser interaction will be further described with additional reference toFIG. 7.

Disposing a button at the positional intersection of two I/O linesallows a given number of pins to support more buttons than the prior artmethod using the same number of pins. As shown by equation (1), in thisnon-limiting example n=8 pins are used to create β=28 buttons bydisposing a button at the intersection of any two pin lines.

In contrast, using the prior art method, a separate pin is needed foreach row and column in any given button arrangement. Accordingly, amaximum of 16 buttons can be created using 8 pins. In a non-limitingexample, a prior art method button arrangement may be created such that4 pins are used for columns and 4 pins are used for rows. In thisexample, the lines of each of the vertical pins intersect the lines ofeach of the 4 horizontal pins used, creating a total of 16intersections. Disposing a button at each intersection only creates atotal of 16 buttons.

Controller 522 is operable to set each of pin 602, pin 604, pin 606, pin608, pin 610, pin 612, pin 614, and pin 616 to either transmit mode orreceive mode.

The detection of a button pressed by a user in button arrangement 600will now be described in accordance with aspects of the presentinvention.

In operation, controller 522 will set one of the pins to a transmitmode, and with set the remaining pins to receive mode. For example, asillustrated in FIG. 6B controller 522 may set pin 602 to transmit modeand set each of pin 604, pin 606, pin 608, pin 610, pin 612, pin 614,and pin 616 to receive mode.

After each pin has been set to the correct mode, controller 522 willsend a signal through the line of the pin that is in the transmit modeand will monitor the signal on all the remaining pins that are inreceive mode. For example, controller 522 may send a signal through theline of pin 602 as illustrated in FIG. 6B. As indicated by the dottedline, after the signal has been transmitted, controller 522 will receivea signal from each of pin 604, pin 606, pin 608, pin 610, pin 612, pin614, and pin 616.

Controller 522 will then analyze the signal received by each of pin 604,pin 606, pin 608, pin 610, pin 612, pin 614, and pin 516. If the signalreceived is below a pre-determined threshold, controller 522 candetermine that a user hasn't touched a button.

Suppose that in this example, a user has pressed button 618 asillustrated in FIG. 6C, as indicated by the circle around button 618.The capacitance of button 618 is changed once a user has touched it. Thesignal transmitted through the line of pin 602 by controller 522 ismodified by the change in capacitance of button 618. The modified signalcontinues through button 618 back through the line of pin 604 and isreceived by controller 522.

The operation of button 618 will now be further described withadditional reference to FIG. 7.

FIG. 7 illustrates the operation 700 of button 618 in accordance withaspects of the present invention.

As illustrated in the figure button 618 includes a conductor 702 and aconductor 704.

Conductor 702 is arranged such that it allows for the flow of a signalthrough a line from pin 602. Conductor 704 is arranged such that itallows for the flow of a signal through a line from pin 604. Conductor702 and conductor 704 are additionally operable such that when a usertouches button 618, the capacitance between them changes.

In operation, when button 618 is untouched the signal transmittedthrough the line of pin 602 is unmodified. The unmodified signal istransmitted back through the line of pin 604 by the mutual capacitancebetween conductor 702 and conductor 704. The unmodified signal is thenreceived by controller 522, via pin 604, where it is determined that atouch has not been made. Button 618 is disposed at the intersection ofthe line of pin 602 and the line of pin 604. The intersection of line602 and line 604 refers to the arrangement of conductor 702 andconductor 704. As shown in FIG. 7 conductor 702 and 704 do notphysically touch each other.

When a user touches button 618, the electric field of conductor 702 andconductor 704 is modified, this modification changes the capacitancebetween conductor 702 and conductor 704. Once the capacitance has beenmodified the signal transmitted between conductor 702 and conductor 704is modified as well.

After determining that a button has been touched, controller 522 cansend the signal to touch determining component 508 for post processing.

Next, controller 522 sets pin 604 to transmit mode and sets each of pin602, pin 606, pin 608, pin 610, pin 612, pin 614, and pin 616 to receivemode. Simultaneously a user touches button 620 as illustrated in FIG.6D.

Controller 522 then sends a signal through pin 604, and waits to receivea signal from pin 602, pin 606, pin 608, pin 610, pin 612, pin 614, andpin 616. Once the signals are received, controller 522 determines if auser has touched a button. Since button 620 is disposed at theintersection of the line of pin 610 and the line of pin 612, controller522 cannot detect the touch.

Controller 522 continues setting each of pin 606 and pin 608 to transmitmode one at a time and setting all other pins to receive mode. Aftereach time a new pin is set to transmit mode, controller 522 transmits asignal and then analyzes each of the signals received by the pins set toreceive mode.

At some later time, controller 522 will transmit a signal through pin610. After, controller 522 receives a signal from pin 602, pin 604, pin606, pin 608, pin 612, pin 614, and pin 616.

Controller 522 determines that there has been no change in capacitancewhen checking the signals received by pin 602, pin 604, pin 606, pin608, pin 614, and pin 616. Controller 522 determines that the signalreceived by pin 612 has been changed by an amount that is larger thanthe pre-determined threshold due to the change in capacitance of button620.

After determining that a button has been touched, controller 522 cansend the signal to touch determining component 508 for post processing.

Next controller will continue setting each of pin 612, pin 614, and pin616 to transmit mode and all other pins to receive mode. Once controllerhas set 522 pin 616 to transmit mode and driven a signal, it will startover by setting pin 602 to transmit mode and all other pins to receivemode.

FIG. 8 illustrates a button arrangement 800 in accordance with aspectsof the present invention.

As illustrated in the figure, button arrangement 800 includes a scanner802 and a touch sensor 804. Scanner 802 further includes a fault datacomponent 806 and a fault determining component 808. Touch sensor 804includes a pin 810, a pin 812, a pin 814, a pin 816, a button 818, abutton 820, a button 822, a button 824, a button 826 and a button 828.

Scanner 802 is operable to detect a capacitance for a plurality of anumber n of input/output lines, respectively, and to detect a touchingof one of a number β of conductive formations based on the detectedcapacitances. In this example embodiment, the number n of input/outputlines is 4, whereas the number β of conductive formations is 6.

A conductive formation is composed of two separate conducting elements.Each conductive element is operable to allow a voltage to pass throughit from a line connected to a pin. The difference in voltage between thetwo conductive elements creates a capacitance in the conductiveformation. The capacitance of the conductive formation can be changedwhen touched; a non-limiting example of a conductive formation isdescribed in FIG. 7.

Scanner 802 is additionally operable to detect a parameter value for then of input/output lines, respectively, and to generate comparison valuesbased on a comparison between the detected parameter values and thefault data. Non-limiting examples of a parameter to be detected todetermine whether or not a fault exists include voltage, current,capacitance, inductance, resistance, impedance, change in voltage,change in current, change in capacitance, change in inductance, changein resistance, change in impedance or combination thereof. For purposesof explanation, in the example embodiment the parameter to be detectedto determine whether or not there is a fault is capacitance.

Touch sensor 804 is arranged such that it contains a number n ofinput/output lines; wherein each of a number of n input/output lines iselectrically disconnected from every other of n input/output lines. Eachnumber of n input/output lines is arranged to cross every other numberof n of input/output lines. Each of a number β of positions includes oneof number n input/output lines crossing another number of n ofinput/output lines.

Touch sensor 804 is arranged such that each line from a pin crosses alllines from successive pins. If touch sensor 804 is composed of 4 pins,the line from the first pin will cross the lines pin 2, pin 3, and pin4. The line from the second pin will only cross the lines of pin 3 andpin 4. The line from the third pin will only cross the line of pin 4. Anon-limiting example of an arrangement is described in FIG. 6.

Touch sensor 804 is further arranged such that when one of a number n ofinput/output lines having the input current therein crosses anothernumber of n input/output lines, a respective electric field is createdbetween one of a number n of input/output lines and another of ninput/output lines.

Fault data component 806 is operable to contain a database having faultdata stored therein. The fault data contained within fault datacomponent 806 will be predetermined values for the fault parametersdiscussed above.

Fault determining component 808 is operable to output a fault signalbased on the comparison values. A non-limiting example of a fault mayinclude an open/short circuit, damaged touch sensor, or overheating.

Pin 810, pin 812, pin 814, and pin 816 are arranged such that when oneof a number of n input/output lines having the input current thereincrosses another of a number n of input/output lines, a respectiveelectric field is created between the first number n of input/outputlines and the second number n of input/output lines.

Each of pin 810, pin 812, pin 814, and pin 816 are operable to transmitand receive a current through a line. When a current is applied to a pinand transmitted through its line, an electric field is generated at thepoint where the two lines cross each other.

Button 818, button 820, button 822, button 824, button 826, and button828 are arranged such that each are disposed at one of the number β ofpositions, respectively. One of a number of β conductive formationscomprises a first conductive component and a second conductivecomponent, the first conductive component being electrically connectedto one of a number n of input/output lines, and the second conductivecomponent being electrically connected to another of n input/outputlines. An example of a button with a first conductive component and asecond conductive component that are electrically connected isillustrated in FIG. 7.

A button is placed at each point where two lines from different pinscross each other. The first line is connected to one of the conductiveelements of the button and the second line is connected to the otherconductive element. A capacitance is created in the button when avoltage is applied to one of the pins and there is a difference involtage between the two conductive elements. This capacitance can bemodified when a user interacts with the button.

Due to the limited amount of space on mobile electronic devices, it isimportant to minimize the amount of space each component occupies.Today's capacitive touch sensors require an input/output (I/O) pin foreach additional pin or pin of buttons used in a touch sensor. For largeror complex devices that require many buttons for controlling a device,the number of pins and consequently the area of the board that the pinsare located on, increases very quickly.

In operation, an electronic device manufacturer will want to produce acapacitive touch sensor with β buttons. In a non-limiting example, if amanufacturer wanted to create a button arrangement such that β=3, usingequation (1) it can be found that the total number of pins n needed toproduce β buttons is 3. As illustrated in the figure the creation ofbutton 818, button 820, and button 822 requires pin 810, pin 812, andpin 814. The use of 3 pins for the creation of 3 buttons is moreefficient than the prior art method described above with reference toFIG. 1. The creation of button 112, button 114, and button 116 of FIG. 1requires pin 102, pin 104, pin 106, and pin 108.

In another non-limiting example, a manufacturer may want to create abutton arrangement such that β=6, using equation (1) it can be foundthat the total number of pins n needed to produce β buttons is 4. Asillustrated in the figure, the creation of button 818, button 820,button 822, button 824, button 826, and button 828 requires pin 810, pin812, pin 814, and pin 816. The use of 4 pins for the creation of 6buttons is more efficient than the prior art method described above withreference to FIG. 1. The creation of button 112, button 114, button 116,button 118, button 120, and button 122 of FIG. 1 requires pin 102, pin104, pin 106, pin 108, and pin 110.

In yet another non-limiting example, a manufacturer may want to create abutton arrangement such that β=28 as discussed above with reference toFIG. 5. Using equation (1), it can be found that the total number pins nneeded to produce β buttons is 8. The ratio of buttons per pin forcreating 28 buttons using the method presented in accordance withaspects of the present invention instead of the prior art method is morepronounced as β gets larger. The prior art method of creating a gridcontaining 28 buttons requires a minimum of 11 pins to create a 7 by 4arrangement containing 28 buttons.

Example systems in accordance with the second aspect of the presentinvention will now be described with reference to FIG. 9.

FIG. 9 illustrates a slider 900 in accordance with aspects of thepresent invention

As illustrated in the figure, slider 900 includes a pin 902, a pin 904,a pin 906, a pin 908, a pin 910, a button 912, a button 914, a button916, a button 918, a button 920, a button 922, a button 924, a button926, a button 928, and a button 930.

Pin 902 is arranged such that it creates button 912 when it intersectswith pin 904 and button 924 when it intersects with pin 908. Pin 904 isarranged such that it creates button 914 when it intersects with pin 906and button 928 when it intersects with pin 910. Pin 906 is arranged suchthat it creates button 916 when it intersects with pin 908 and button922 when it intersects with pin 902. Pin 908 is arranged such that itcreates button 918 when it intersects with pin 910 and button 926 whenit intersects with pin 904. Pin 910 is arranged such that it createsbutton 920 when it intersects with pin 906 and button 930 when itintersects with pin 902.

Button 912, button 914, button 916, button 918, button 920, button 922,button 924, button 926, button 928, and button 930 are operable tochange their capacitance when touched by a user.

In today electronic devices it may be more practical to use a sliderrather than a button. Sliders allow more precise control than on or offas a button does. Non-limiting examples of a slider use includes volumecontrol, scroll bars, or zooming in or out. Creating a slider interfaceis more complex than a simple button due to the need for locating andtracking of the input from a user.

A slider is created by implementing multiple buttons in a single filepin. Each of pin 902, pin 904, pin 906, pin 908, and pin 910 areconnected to two separate pins. Since each of pin 902, pin 904, pin 906,pin 908, and pin 910 are connected to two different pins, any of button912, button 914, button 916, button 918, button 920, button 922, button924, button 926, button 928, and button 930 that is touched can beidentified by the signal received by an opposing pin.

The operation of slider 900 is similar to that of button arrangement 600of FIG. 6. A controller will set pin 902 to transmit mode and pin 904,pin 906, pin 908, and pin 910 to receive mode. The controller will thendrive a signal through pin 902 and then analyze the signals received bypin 904, pin 906, pin 908, and pin 910. If a touch is not detected itwill set pin 904 to transmit mode and each of pin 902, pin 906, pin 908,and pin 910 to receive mode. The controller will continue scanning inthis manner until an input is detected.

At some time later, a user will want to use slider 900, in thisnon-limiting example the slider is used to control the volume of adevice and the device is currently at its lower limit. A user will touchbutton 912 changing the capacitance as described above with reference toFIG. 7.

Simultaneously, a controller sets pin 902 to receive mode and each ofpin 904, pin 906, pin 908, and pin 910 to receive mode. After each ofthe pins have been set to the correct mode, the controller will send asignal through pin 902 and then analyze the signals received by each ofpin 904, pin 906, pin 908, and pin 910.

Pin 902 crosses pin 904 and pin 908. Since the signal received by pin908 was not modified, the controller can determine that button 924 wasnot touched. The controller determines that the signal received by pin904 has been modified, which indicates that button 912 has been touched.In this method, even though pin 902 crosses more than one other pin,which button has been touched can be easily determined.

Next the user will drag their finger to button 916. Simultaneously, thecontroller will continue changing each pin to transmit mode whilesetting all others to receive mode, and analyzing the signals receivedby the pins that are set to receive mode.

The controller continues cycling through all of the pins until it setspin 904 to transmit mode and each of pin 902, pin 906, pin 908, and pin910 to receive mode. The controller sends a signal through pin 904 anddetermines that the signal received by pin 906 has been modified. Fromthis information the controller can determine that a user has draggedtheir finger to at least button 914.

Continuing, the controller sets pin 906 to transmit mode and all otherpins to receive mode. Again, the controller sends a signal through pin906 and determines that a user has dragged their finger to at leastbutton 916.

The controller then sets pin 908 to transmit mode and each of 902, pin904, pin 906, and pin 910 to receive mode. The controller transmits asignal through pin 908 and then analyzes the signals received by each of902, pin 904, pin 906, and pin 910. The controller determines that eachof the signals received is unmodified. This means that the user has notmoved their finger past button 916. The controller can then send asignal to the volume control mechanism of the device and adjust thevolume by the factor determined by the movement from button 912 tobutton 916.

Example systems in accordance with the third aspect of the presentinvention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 10-12.

FIG. 10 illustrates the flowchart 1000 of the operation of controller522 of FIG. 5.

Controller 522 initializes (S1002) and sets pin (i=0) to transmit modeand all other pins to receive mode. In this non-limiting example (i)starts at 0, so for n=5 pins; (i)=0, 1, 2, 3, 4.

Next, controller 522 will drive a signal on pin (i=0) (S1004) andsimultaneously scan all other pins for a received signal. Once it hasscanned all other pins, controller 522 checks to see if it has turnedeach pin to transmit mode and scanned for a touch input (S1006).

If controller 522 has not turned all pins to transmit mode and checkedfor a touch input, it will incrementally increase (i) by 1 (S1008). Once(i) has been increased, controller 522 will set pin (i=1) to transmitmode (S1010) and all other pins to receive mode. Again controller 522will drive a signal on pin (i=1) and simultaneously scan all other pinsfor a touch input.

Controller 522 will continue cycling through each pin until it hasturned each pin to transmit mode and scanned for a touch input. Once pin(i=n−1) has been switched to transmit mode and all other pins have beenscanned for a touch input, controller 522 will stop scanning (S1012).

FIG. 11 illustrates the flowchart 1100 of the operation of controller522 of FIG. 5.

Controller 522 initializes (S1102) and sets pin (i−1) to transmit modeand pin (i−1) to receive mode. In this non-limiting example (i) startsat 0, so for n=5 pins; (i)=0, 1, 2, 3, 4.

Next, controller 522 will drive a signal on pin (i=1) (S1104) and scanpin (i=0) for a received signal. Once it has scanned pin (i−0),controller 522 checks to see if it has turned each pin to transmit modeand scanned for a touch input (S1106). In contrast to FIG. 10,controller 522 is checking for a modified signal on only one pin. Thisallows the touch screen device to conserve energy and operate at ahigher frequency. This method may be applicable in a situation such aswhen a user only has the option of making a touch input at singlelocation in a much larger arrangement.

If controller 522 has not turned all pins to transmit mode and checkedfor a touch input, it will incrementally increase (i) by 1 (S1108). Once(i) has been increased, controller 522 will set pin (i=2) to transmitmode (S1110) and pin (i=1) to receive mode. Again, controller 522 willdrive a signal on pin (i=2) and scan pin (i=1) for a touch input.

Controller 522 will continue cycling through each pin until it hasturned each pin to transmit mode and scanned for a touch input. Once pin(i=n) has been switched to transmit mode and pin (i=n−1) have beenscanned for a touch input, controller 522 will stop scanning (S1112).

FIG. 12 illustrates the flowchart 1200 of the operation of faultdetection component 510 of FIG. 5.

In operation fault detection component 510 will receive a fault codefrom shared global analog test engine 524 or a fault interrupt fromoff-chip hardware 514. Fault detection component 510 will first clearthe fault interrupt and/or fault code (S1202).

After all fault interrupts and/or fault codes have been cleared, faultdetection component 510 will scan all buttons (S1204) to check theircapacitance as described above with reference to FIGS. 6, 10, and 11.

Fault detection component 510 will then compare the capacitance valuesfor each button against a stored fault table (S1206). The fault tableholds all of the possible values that could be received if there is afault within the touch sensor hardware or software operation. Faultdetection component 510 will compare the received values for each buttonagainst the stored values in the fault table to determine if a fault hasoccurred.

If fault detection component 510 determines that none of the capacitancevalues match the values in the fault table, it will instruct the touchscanning device to resume normal operation (S1214). If fault detectioncomponent 510 finds that one or more the capacitance values matches avalue in the stored fault table, fault detection component 510 willrescan all buttons again.

Next, fault detection component 510 will compare the capacitance valuesof each button from the second scan with the corresponding values fromthe first scan (S1208). If fault detection component 510 finds that thevalues do not match, it will instruct the touch scanning device toresume normal operation. If the values match, fault detection component510 can determine that a fault has occurred.

Once it has been determine that a fault has occurred, fault detectioncomponent 510 will assert a fault interrupt and the corresponding faultcode that occurred (S1210). The fault interrupt will then be received bythe CPU of the touch scanning device. Once the fault interrupt and faultcode have been received by the CPU, it can take the corresponding actionas determined by the fault interrupt and fault code (S1212). After thefault interrupt and fault code have been cleared and action has beentaken by the CPU, the touch scanning device can resume normal operation(S1214).

The prior art method of creating an array of buttons requires that foreach pin and pin in the array, a separate input/output pin is needed. Inan example, a manufacturer may want to create a button arrangement thatcontains a total of sixteen (16) buttons. Sixteen is a multiple ofseveral different combinations, namely 1×16, 2×8, and 4×4. Since spaceand resources need to be conserved the rows and columns are chosen suchthat the total number of pins is minimized, in this example a 4×4arrangement only uses eight pins.

A problem with the prior art method of creating a button array is thathe problem with the conventional system and method of capacitive touchsensing is that for each additional row or column of buttons a new pinis needed. In order to create a large array of buttons, a large numberof pins is needed to support the array. The increase in the number ofpins needed uses the limited space and resources of the capacitive touchsensing device.

The prior art method of creating a small slider requires settingmultiple buttons in a row and tracking a user input within the line ofbuttons. Each button in the small slider requires two pins, but in somecases a small slider may not be sufficient and a large slider must beimplemented. If a large slider needed 16 buttons in order to beimplemented, using the method for creating a small slider, a total of 32pins would be needed. 32 pins take up too much of the limited resourcesand space so a different method is used to create large sliders.

Large sliders are implemented by using each button more than once in asingle slider. The buttons are placed next to each other such that thesequence of button numbers is unique. This method requires fewer buttonsand as a result fewer pins, but post processing for determining which ofthe multiple buttons has been touched is needed.

The prior art method of post processing signals from a user input in alarge slider requires a controller to analyze the strength and level ofmodification of each signal received from the pins used to implement theslider. The strengths and levels of modification are then compared togenerate the location at which a touch input was made.

A problem with the conventional system and method of implementing aslider in a capacitive touch sensing device is that creating a smallslider requires two pins per button in the slider. Due to the limitedspace and resources, using this method it is only possible to createsmall sliders. It is possible to double the number of buttons used in aslider with a set number of pins, but the slider then requires postprocessing or additional software in order to detect user inputs.

The present invention provides a method of creating a button array thatrequires less pins to create the same number of buttons in an arrayusing the prior art method. Each line of an input/output pin cross allsuccessive pins to create an array. Crossing the lines of eachinput/output pin creates a number of intersections according to equation(1).

Disposing a button at the positional intersection of two input/outputlines allows a given number of pins to support more buttons than theprior art method using the same number of pins. As shown by equation(1), n=8 pins are used to create β=28 buttons by disposing a button atthe intersection of any two pin lines. Using n=8 pins with prior artmethod only allows β=16 buttons to be created.

The present invention additionally provides a method of detecting atouch input from a user that is based on transmitting a signal through asingle input/output line and detecting a modified signal received anyother input/output lines. A touch input from a user will create a changein capacitance between the two input/output lines of a button. Thechange in capacitance will modify the signal transmitted from oneinput/output line to the other, which can be analyzed and detected by acontroller in the capacitive touch sensing device.

The method of transmitting through a single input/output line anddetecting a modified signal received by any other input/output linesallows the present invention to create large button arrays as well assmall/large sliders with less pins than the prior art methods.Additionally, using the current aspect of the present invention no postprocessing is needed to determine where a user made a touch input.

The present invention further provides a method of fault detection. Thecapacitive touch sensor system provided, checks for faults in thedisplay, the faults are found by comparing detected parameters withpreviously determined fault values. The ability to detect faults givesthe capacitive touch sensing device a method of detecting damage as wellas informing a user of the fault. The prior art method does notcurrently provide a system or method for detecting and determiningfaults.

The foregoing description of various preferred embodiments of theinvention have been presented for purposes of illustration anddescription. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit theinvention to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously manymodifications and variations are possible in light of the aboveteaching. The example embodiments, as described above, were chosen anddescribed in order to best explain the principles of the invention andits practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art tobest utilize the invention in various embodiments and with variousmodifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It isintended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claimsappended hereto.

What is claimed is:
 1. A capacitive touch sensor comprising: ninput/output lines, wherein n is an integer greater than 2, and whereineach of the n input/output lines is arranged so that it is electricallydisconnected from each other one of the n input/output lines and whilecrossing each other one of the n input/output lines; and β positions,wherein each of the β positions corresponds to a respective button areaat which one of the n input/output lines crosses another one of the ninput/output lines, and wherein β is an integer having a valuedetermined as $\beta = {\sum\limits_{1}^{({n - 1})}\;{x.}}$
 2. Thecapacitive touch sensor of claim 1, wherein, when a first input/outputline of the n input/output lines receives an input signal, a respectiveelectric field is created between the first input/output line and asecond input/output line of the n input/output lines crossed by thefirst input/output line.
 3. The capacitive touch sensor of claim 1,further comprising: β conductive formations each disposed at arespective one of the β positions, wherein each of the β conductiveformations includes a first conductive component and a second conductivecomponent, wherein the first conductive component is electricallyconnected to one of the n input/output lines and the second conductivecomponent is electrically connected to another one of the n input/outputlines.
 4. The capacitive touch sensor of claim 3, further comprising ascanning component operable to detect a respective capacitance for eachof the n input/output lines and to detect touching of one of the βconductive formations based on the detected capacitances.
 5. Thecapacitive touch sensor of claim 4, further comprising: a database tostore fault data; and a fault determining component, wherein thescanning component is further operable to detect a respective parametervalue each of the n input/output lines and to generate comparison valuesbased on a comparison between detected parameter values and the faultdata, and wherein the fault determining component is operable to outputa fault signal based on the comparison values.
 6. The capacitive touchsensor of claim 1, wherein, when an input current is applied to a firstinput/output line of the n input/output lines, a respective electricfield is created between the first input/output line and a secondinput/output line of the n input/output lines crossed by the firstinput/output line.
 7. The capacitive touch sensor of claim 6, furthercomprising: β conductive formations each disposed at a respective one ofthe β positions, wherein each of the β conductive formations includes afirst conductive component and a second conductive component, whereinthe first conductive component is electrically connected to one of the ninput/output lines and the second conductive component is electricallyconnected to another one of the n input/output lines.
 8. The capacitivetouch sensor of claim 7, wherein a first position of the β positionscorresponds to where the first input/output line crosses the secondinput/output line, wherein a first conductive formation of the βconductive formations is dispose at the first position of the βpositions with the first conductive component of the first conductiveformation being electrically connected to the first input/output lineand the second conductive component of the first conductive formationbeing electrically connected to the second input/output line.